Evaluation results

There are three levels of importance in pitfalls according to their impact on the ontology:

Critical It is crucial to correct the pitfall. Otherwise, it could affect the ontology consistency, reasoning, applicability, etc.
Important Though not critical for ontology function, it is important to correct this type of pitfall.
Minor It is not really a problem, but by correcting it we will make the ontology nicer.

Pitfalls detected:

Ontology elements (classes, object properties and datatype properties) are created isolated, with no relation to the rest of the ontology.

• This pitfall appears in the following elements:
› http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Organization
› http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Person

This pitfall consists in creating an ontology element and failing to provide human readable annotations attached to it. Consequently, ontology elements lack annotation properties that label them (e.g. rdfs:label, lemon:LexicalEntry, skos:prefLabel or skos:altLabel) or that define them (e.g. rdfs:comment or dc:description). This pitfall is related to the guidelines provided in [5].

• The following elements have neither rdfs:label or rdfs:comment (nor skos:definition) defined:
› https://www.w3.org/2019/wot/mqtt#PUBLISH
› https://www.w3.org/2019/wot/mqtt#SUBSCRIBE
› http://www.w3.org/ns/sosa/System
› https://www.w3.org/2019/wot/mqtt#Server
› http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Person
› https://www.w3.org/2019/wot/mqtt#TopicFilter
› http://www.w3.org/ns/sosa/Property
› http://www.w3.org/ns/sosa/ActuationCollection
› https://www.w3.org/2019/wot/mqtt#UNSUBSCRIBE
› https://www.w3.org/2019/wot/mqtt#NetworkConnection
› http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Organization
› https://www.w3.org/2019/wot/mqtt#ControlPacket
› https://www.w3.org/2019/wot/mqtt#Client
› http://www.w3.org/ns/sosa/ObservationCollection
› https://www.w3.org/2019/wot/mqtt#TopicName

This pitfall appears when any relationship (except for those that are defined as symmetric properties using owl:SymmetricProperty) does not have an inverse relationship (owl:inverseOf) defined within the ontology.

• This pitfall appears in the following elements:
› https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/MQTT4SSN.owl#isInitiatedBy
› https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/MQTT4SSN.owl#isAcceptedBy
› https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/MQTT4SSN.owl#unsubscribesPacket
› https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/MQTT4SSN.owl#payloadEncodesActuationCollection
› https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/MQTT4SSN.owl#receivesUnsubscribePacket
› https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/MQTT4SSN.owl#payloadEncodesObservation
› https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/MQTT4SSN.owl#observesTopic
› https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/MQTT4SSN.owl#forwardsPublishPacket
› https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/MQTT4SSN.owl#subscribesPacket
› https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/MQTT4SSN.owl#publishesPacket
› https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/MQTT4SSN.owl#payloadEncodesObservationCollection
› https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/MQTT4SSN.owl#listensToTopic
› https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/MQTT4SSN.owl#payloadEncodesActuation
› https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/MQTT4SSN.owl#hasPayloadSize
› https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/MQTT4SSN.owl#receivesSubscribePacket

Suggestions or warnings:

According to the highest importance level of pitfall found in your ontology the conformace bagde suggested is "Minor pitfalls" (see below). You can use the following HTML code to insert the badge within your ontology documentation:

	<p>
	<a href="http://oops.linkeddata.es">
	<img src="http://oops.linkeddata.es/resource/image/oops_minor.png"
	alt="Minor pitfalls were found" height="69.6" width="100" /></a>
	</p>

References

Lexicalizing Ontologies: The issues behind the labels. In Multimodal communication in the 21st century: Professional and academic challenges. 33rd Conference of the Spanish Association of Applied Linguistics (AESLA), XXXIII AESLA.

Ontology development 101: A guide to creating your first ontology.

Evaluation of Taxonomic Knowledge in Ontologies and Knowledge Bases. Proceedings of the Banff Knowledge Acquisition for Knowledge-Based Systems Workshop. Alberta, Canada.

Style guidelines for naming and labeling ontologies in the multilingual web.

Ontology Evaluation. PhD thesis.

Ontology evaluation. In Handbook on ontologies, pages 251-273. Springer.

Owl pizzas: Practical experience of teaching owl-dl: Common errors & common patterns. In Engineering Knowledge in the Age of the Semantic Web, pages 63-81. Springer.

Weaving the pedantic web. In Proceedings of the WWW2010 Workshop on Linked Data on the Web, LDOW 2010, Raleigh, USA, April 27, 2010.

D7. 1.3-study on persistent URIs, with identification of best practices and recommendations on the topic for the Mss and the EC. PwC EU Services.

“Linked Data - Design issues”. http://www.w3.org/DesignIssues/LinkedData.html

Linked Data: Evolving the Web into a Global Data Space. Morgan & Claypool, 1st edition.

Is your linked data vocabulary 5-star?. http://bvatant.blogspot.fr/2012/02/is-your-linked-data-vocabulary-5- star_9588.html

Enter your ontology to scan:

Example: http://oops.linkeddata.es/example/swc_2009-05-09.rdf

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<rdf:RDF 
xmlns="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/MQTT4SSN.owl#"
     xml:base="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/MQTT4SSN.owl"
     xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"
     xmlns:ex="http://example.org/individuals#"
     xmlns:qk="http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/"
     xmlns:dct="http://purl.org/dc/terms/"
     xmlns:mqv="https://www.w3.org/2019/wot/mqtt#"
     xmlns:owl="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#"
     xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"
     xmlns:ssn="http://www.w3.org/ns/ssn/"
     xmlns:xml="http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace"
     xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#"
     xmlns:bibo="http://purl.org/ontology/bibo/"
     xmlns:foaf="http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/"
     xmlns:mqtt="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/MQTT4SSN#"
     xmlns:qudt="http://qudt.org/schema/qudt/"
     xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#"
     xmlns:skos="http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#"
     xmlns:sosa="http://www.w3.org/ns/sosa/"
     xmlns:time="http://www.w3.org/2006/time#"
     xmlns:unit="http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/"
     xmlns:vaem="http://www.linkedmodel.org/schema/vaem#"
     xmlns:vann="http://purl.org/vocab/vann/"
     xmlns:dtype="http://www.linkedmodel.org/schema/dtype#"
     xmlns:schema="http://schema.org/">
    <owl:Ontology 
rdf:about="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/documentation/index-en.html">
        <owl:versionIRI 
rdf:resource="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/documentation/index-en.html"/
>
        <owl:imports rdf:resource="http://qudt.org/schema/qudt/"/>
        <owl:imports rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/ns/sosa/"/>
        <owl:imports rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/ns/ssn/"/>
        <owl:imports 
rdf:resource="https://www.w3.org/2019/wot/mqtt"/>
        <dct:abstract xml:lang="en">    In the Web of Things community, the SSN/SOSA ontology, a W3C recommendation, has established itself as a foundational framework for representing semantic sensor networks, modeling sensors, observations, and actuations. However, an explicit representation of message protocols is missing, which limits semantic interoperability in machine-to-machine communication scenarios. To close this gap, we propose MQTT4SSN as an extension to SSN/SOSA that semantically models the MQTT protocol. Furthermore, the ontology addresses use cases without SSN/SOSA implementations by exclusively describing the MQTT messaging protocol. MQTT4SSN represents MQTT entities such as brokers, clients, control packets, topics, and payload metadata, linking them to SSN/SOSA concepts to enable end-to-end traceability between sensing semantics and communication semantics. The ontology captures heterogeneous payload formats, encodings, and transport metadata, enabling machine-interpretable description and integration of transmitted content. MQTT4SSN represents an extensible and reusable resource that is accessible according to the FAIR principles and documented as an Ontology Specification Draft.</dct:abstract>
        <dct:author 
rdf:resource="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3458-4748"/>
        <dct:author 
rdf:resource="https://orcid.org/0009-0004-0088-8633"/>
        <dct:bibliographicCitation>Niklas Doerner, Maria 
Maleshkova (2025): MQTT4SSN Ontology. 
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16704302</
dct:bibliographicCitation>
        <dct:contributor 
rdf:resource="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3458-4748"/>
        <dct:contributor 
rdf:resource="https://orcid.org/0009-0004-0088-8633"/>
        <dct:created 
rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#date">2025-08-11</
dct:created>
        <dct:creator 
rdf:resource="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3458-4748"/>
        <dct:creator 
rdf:resource="https://orcid.org/0009-0004-0088-8633"/>
        <dct:description xml:lang="en">    In the Web of Things community, the SSN/SOSA ontology, a W3C recommendation, has established itself as a foundational framework for representing semantic sensor networks, modeling sensors, observations, and actuations. However, an explicit representation of message protocols is missing, which limits semantic interoperability in machine-to-machine communication scenarios. To close this gap, we propose MQTT4SSN as an extension to SSN/SOSA that semantically models the MQTT protocol. Furthermore, the ontology addresses use cases without SSN/SOSA implementations by exclusively describing the MQTT messaging protocol. MQTT4SSN represents MQTT entities such as brokers, clients, control packets, topics, and payload metadata, linking them to SSN/SOSA concepts to enable end-to-end traceability between sensing semantics and communication semantics. The ontology captures heterogeneous payload formats, encodings, and transport metadata, enabling machine-interpretable description and integration of transmitted content. MQTT4SSN represents an extensible and reusable resource that is accessible according to the FAIR principles and documented as an Ontology Specification Draft.</dct:description>
        <dct:license 
rdf:resource="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/"/>
        <dct:modified>2025-09-10</dct:modified>
        <dct:subject xml:lang="en">MQTT, Ontology Engineering, 
Sensor Ontology, Semantic Sensor Network, Message Protocol, Smart 
Sensor</dct:subject>
        <dct:title xml:lang="en">MQTT4SSN 
Ontology</dct:title>
        <bibo:doi>10.5281/zenodo.16704302</bibo:doi>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">The MQTT4SSN Ontology provides
 rdf:type semantic model for representing the MQTT message protocol, 
containing the transmitted data. It extends the W3C SSN/SOSA ontology 
with the MQTT message protocol component.</rdfs:comment>
        <foaf:fundedBy rdf:resource="https://dtecbw.de/"/>
    </owl:Ontology>

<!-- 
    
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

//
    // Annotation properties
    //
    
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

-->

<owl:AnnotationProperty 
rdf:about="http://purl.org/dc/terms/bibliographicCitation"/>

<owl:AnnotationProperty 
rdf:about="http://purl.org/ontology/bibo/doi"/>

<owl:AnnotationProperty 
rdf:about="http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/fundedBy"/>

<owl:AnnotationProperty 
rdf:about="http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/homepage"/>

<owl:AnnotationProperty 
rdf:about="http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/mbox"/>

<!-- 
    
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

//
    // Datatypes
    //
    
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

-->

<rdfs:Datatype 
rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#date"/>

<!-- 
    
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

//
    // Object Properties
    //
    
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

-->

<owl:ObjectProperty 
rdf:about="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#forwardsPublishPacket">
        <rdfs:domain 
rdf:resource="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#Broker"/>
        <rdfs:range 
rdf:resource="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#PublishPacket"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Indicates that an MQTT Broker 
forwards a PUBLISH packet to subscribers.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">forwards PUBLISH 
Packet</rdfs:label>
    </owl:ObjectProperty>

<owl:ObjectProperty 
rdf:about="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#hasActObsSubject">
        <rdfs:subPropertyOf 
rdf:resource="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#hasSubject"/>
        <owl:inverseOf 
rdf:resource="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#isActObsSubjectOf"/>
        <rdfs:domain 
rdf:resource="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#Topic"/>
        <rdfs:range>
            <owl:Class>
                <owl:unionOf rdf:parseType="Collection">
                    <rdf:Description 
rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/ns/sosa/Actuation"/>
                    <rdf:Description 
rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/ns/sosa/ActuationCollection"/>
                    <rdf:Description 
rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/ns/sosa/Observation"/>
                    <rdf:Description 
rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/ns/sosa/ObservationCollection"/>
                </owl:unionOf>
            </owl:Class>
        </rdfs:range>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Links an MQTT Topic to the 
subject (Actuation, Actuation collection, Observation or Observation 
Collection).</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">has topic subject (Actuation, 
Actuation collection, Observation or Observation 
Collection)</rdfs:label>
    </owl:ObjectProperty>

<owl:ObjectProperty 
rdf:about="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#hasClient">
        <owl:inverseOf 
rdf:resource="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#runsOnPlatform"/>
        <rdfs:domain 
rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/ns/sosa/Platform"/>
        <rdfs:range 
rdf:resource="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#Client"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Relates a SOSA platform to an 
MQTT Client running on it.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">has MQTT 
Client</rdfs:label>
    </owl:ObjectProperty>

<owl:ObjectProperty 
rdf:about="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#hasConnectedClient">
        <owl:inverseOf 
rdf:resource="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#isConnectedToBroker"/>
        <rdfs:domain 
rdf:resource="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#Broker"/>
        <rdfs:range 
rdf:resource="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#Client"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Links an MQTT Broker to an 
MQTT Client that is connected to it.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">has connected MQTT 
Client</rdfs:label>
    </owl:ObjectProperty>

<owl:ObjectProperty 
rdf:about="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#hasEncodedFields">
        <owl:inverseOf 
rdf:resource="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#isEncodedInPayload"/>
        <rdfs:domain 
rdf:resource="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#PublishPayload"/>
        <rdfs:range 
rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#List"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Links an MQTT Payload to an 
ordered RDF list naming fields encoded within the payload 
content.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">has encoded 
fields</rdfs:label>
    </owl:ObjectProperty>

<owl:ObjectProperty 
rdf:about="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#hasFixedHeader">
        <owl:inverseOf 
rdf:resource="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#isFixedHeaderOf"/>
        <rdf:type 
rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#FunctionalProperty"/>
        <rdfs:domain 
rdf:resource="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#ControlPacket"/>
        <rdfs:range 
rdf:resource="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#FixedHeader"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Links an MQTT Control Packet 
to its Fixed Header.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">has Fixed 
Header</rdfs:label>
    </owl:ObjectProperty>

<owl:ObjectProperty 
rdf:about="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#hasFoISubject">
        <rdfs:subPropertyOf 
rdf:resource="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#hasSubject"/>
        <owl:inverseOf 
rdf:resource="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#isFOISubjectOf"/>
        <rdfs:domain 
rdf:resource="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#Topic"/>
        <rdfs:range 
rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/ns/sosa/FeatureOfInterest"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Links an MQTT Topic to the 
subject (Feature of Interest).</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">has topic subject (Feature of 
Interest)</rdfs:label>
    </owl:ObjectProperty>

<owl:ObjectProperty 
rdf:about="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#hasParticipant">
        <owl:inverseOf 
rdf:resource="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#usesConnection"/>
        <rdfs:domain 
rdf:resource="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#NetworkConnection"/>
        <rdfs:range 
rdf:resource="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#NetworkParticipant"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Relates a network connection 
to its network participant (MQTT Client or MQTT 
Broker).</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">has 
participant</rdfs:label>
    </owl:ObjectProperty>

<owl:ObjectProperty 
rdf:about="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#hasPayload">
        <owl:equivalentProperty 
rdf:resource="https://www.w3.org/2019/wot/mqtt#hasPayload"/>
        <owl:inverseOf 
rdf:resource="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#isPayloadOf"/>
        <rdf:type 
rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#FunctionalProperty"/>
        <rdfs:domain 
rdf:resource="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#ControlPacket"/>
        <rdfs:range 
rdf:resource="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#Payload"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Links an MQTT Control Packet 
to its MQTT Payload.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">has MQTT 
Payload</rdfs:label>
    </owl:ObjectProperty>

<owl:ObjectProperty 
rdf:about="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#hasPayloadSize">
        <rdf:type 
rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#FunctionalProperty"/>
        <rdfs:domain 
rdf:resource="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#Payload"/>
        <rdfs:range 
rdf:resource="http://qudt.org/schema/qudt/QuantityValue"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Specifies the size of an MQTT 
Payload as a QUDT quantity value (e.g., unit:Byte).</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">has payload 
size</rdfs:label>
    </owl:ObjectProperty>

<owl:ObjectProperty 
rdf:about="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#hasPropertySubject">
        <rdfs:subPropertyOf 
rdf:resource="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#hasSubject"/>
        <owl:inverseOf 
rdf:resource="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#isPropertySubjectOf"/>
        <rdfs:domain 
rdf:resource="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#Topic"/>
        <rdfs:range 
rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/ns/sosa/Property"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Links an MQTT Topic to the 
subject (Property).</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">has topic subject 
(Property)</rdfs:label>
    </owl:ObjectProperty>

<owl:ObjectProperty 
rdf:about="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#hasPublishFixedHeader">
        <rdfs:subPropertyOf 
rdf:resource="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#hasFixedHeader"/>
        <owl:inverseOf 
rdf:resource="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#isPublishFixedHeaderOf"/>
        <rdf:type 
rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#FunctionalProperty"/>
        <rdfs:domain 
rdf:resource="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#PublishPacket"/>
        <rdfs:range 
rdf:resource="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#PublishFixedHeader"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Links a PUBLISH packet to its 
specific Fixed Header.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">has PUBLISH Fixed 
Header</rdfs:label>
    </owl:ObjectProperty>

<owl:ObjectProperty 
rdf:about="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#hasPublishPayload">
        <rdfs:subPropertyOf 
rdf:resource="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#hasPayload"/>
        <owl:inverseOf 
rdf:resource="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#isPublishPayloadOf"/>
        <rdf:type 
rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#FunctionalProperty"/>
        <rdfs:domain 
rdf:resource="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#PublishPacket"/>
        <rdfs:range 
rdf:resource="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#PublishPayload"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Links a PUBLISH packet to its 
MQTT Payload.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">has PUBLISH 
Payload</rdfs:label>
    </owl:ObjectProperty>

<owl:ObjectProperty 
rdf:about="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#hasPublishVariableHeader">
        <rdfs:subPropertyOf 
rdf:resource="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#hasVariableHeader"/>
        <owl:inverseOf 
rdf:resource="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#isPublishVariableHeaderOf"/>
        <rdf:type 
rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#FunctionalProperty"/>
        <rdfs:domain 
rdf:resource="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#PublishPacket"/>
        <rdfs:range 
rdf:resource="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#PublishVariableHeader"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Links a PUBLISH packet to its 
specific Variable Header.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">has PUBLISH Variable 
Header</rdfs:label>
    </owl:ObjectProperty>

<owl:ObjectProperty 
rdf:about="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#hasSubject">
        <owl:inverseOf 
rdf:resource="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#isSubjectOf"/>
        <rdfs:domain 
rdf:resource="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#Topic"/>
        <rdfs:range 
rdf:resource="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#TopicSubject"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Links an MQTT Topic to the 
conceptual subject carried on that topic.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">has topic 
subject</rdfs:label>
    </owl:ObjectProperty>

<owl:ObjectProperty 
rdf:about="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#hasSubscriptionFixedHeader">
        <rdfs:subPropertyOf 
rdf:resource="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#hasFixedHeader"/>
        <owl:inverseOf 
rdf:resource="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#isSubscriptionFixedHeaderOf"/>
        <rdf:type 
rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#FunctionalProperty"/>
        <rdfs:domain 
rdf:resource="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#SubscribePacket"/>
        <rdfs:range 
rdf:resource="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#SubscribeFixedHeader"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Links a SUBSCRIBE packet to 
its specific Fixed Header.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">has SUBSCRIBE Fixed 
Header</rdfs:label>
    </owl:ObjectProperty>

<owl:ObjectProperty 
rdf:about="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#hasSubscriptionPayload">
        <rdfs:subPropertyOf 
rdf:resource="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#hasPayload"/>
        <owl:inverseOf 
rdf:resource="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#isSubscriptionPayloadOf"/>
        <rdf:type 
rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#FunctionalProperty"/>
        <rdfs:domain 
rdf:resource="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#SubscribePacket"/>
        <rdfs:range 
rdf:resource="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#SubscriptionPayload"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Links a SUBSCRIBE packet to 
its MQTT Payload.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">has SUBSCRIBE 
Payload</rdfs:label>
    </owl:ObjectProperty>

<owl:ObjectProperty 
rdf:about="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#hasSubscriptionVariableHeader">
        <rdfs:subPropertyOf 
rdf:resource="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#hasVariableHeader"/>
        <owl:inverseOf 
rdf:resource="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#isSubscriptionVariableHeaderOf"/>
        <rdf:type 
rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#FunctionalProperty"/>
        <rdfs:domain 
rdf:resource="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#SubscribePacket"/>
        <rdfs:range 
rdf:resource="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#SubscribeVariableHeader"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Links a SUBSCRIBE packet to 
its specific Variable Header.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">has SUBSCRIBE Variable 
Header</rdfs:label>
    </owl:ObjectProperty>

<owl:ObjectProperty 
rdf:about="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#hasSubscriptions">
        <owl:inverseOf 
rdf:resource="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#isSubscriptionOf"/>
        <rdfs:domain 
rdf:resource="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#SubscriptionPayload"/>
        <rdfs:range 
rdf:resource="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#SubscriptionEntry"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Links a SUBSCRIBE Payload to 
one or more MQTT Subscription Entries.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">has MQTT Subscription 
Entries</rdfs:label>
    </owl:ObjectProperty>

<owl:ObjectProperty 
rdf:about="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#hasTopicFilter">
        <owl:equivalentProperty 
rdf:resource="https://www.w3.org/2019/wot/mqtt#hasTopicFilters"/>
        <owl:inverseOf 
rdf:resource="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#isTopicFilterOf"/>
        <rdfs:domain>
            <owl:Class>
                <owl:unionOf rdf:parseType="Collection">
                    <rdf:Description 
rdf:about="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#SubscriptionEntry"/>
                    <rdf:Description 
rdf:about="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#UnsubscriptionPayload"/>
                </owl:unionOf>
            </owl:Class>
        </rdfs:domain>
        <rdfs:range 
rdf:resource="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#TopicFilter"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Relates a Subscription Entry 
or an UNSUBSCRIBE payload to an MQTT Topic Filter.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">has MQTT Topic 
Filter</rdfs:label>
    </owl:ObjectProperty>

<owl:ObjectProperty 
rdf:about="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#hasTopicName">
        <owl:equivalentProperty 
rdf:resource="https://www.w3.org/2019/wot/mqtt#hasTopicName"/>
        <owl:inverseOf 
rdf:resource="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#isTopicNameOf"/>
        <rdf:type 
rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#FunctionalProperty"/>
        <rdfs:domain 
rdf:resource="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#PublishVariableHeader"/>
        <rdfs:range 
rdf:resource="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#Topic"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Links a PUBLISH Variable 
Header to the MQTT Topic to which the message is 
published.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">has MQTT Topic 
(name)</rdfs:label>
    </owl:ObjectProperty>

<owl:ObjectProperty 
rdf:about="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#hasUnsubscriptionFixedHeader">
        <rdfs:subPropertyOf 
rdf:resource="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#hasFixedHeader"/>
        <owl:inverseOf 
rdf:resource="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#isUnsubscriptionFixedHeaderOf"/>
        <rdf:type 
rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#FunctionalProperty"/>
        <rdfs:domain 
rdf:resource="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#UnsubscribePacket"/>
        <rdfs:range 
rdf:resource="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#UnsubscribeFixedHeader"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Links an UNSUBSCRIBE packet to
 its specific Fixed Header.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">has UNSUBSCRIBE Fixed 
Header</rdfs:label>
    </owl:ObjectProperty>

<owl:ObjectProperty 
rdf:about="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#hasUnsubscriptionPayload">
        <rdfs:subPropertyOf 
rdf:resource="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#hasPayload"/>
        <owl:inverseOf 
rdf:resource="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#isUnsubscriptionPayloadOf"/>
        <rdf:type 
rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#FunctionalProperty"/>
        <rdfs:domain 
rdf:resource="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#UnsubscribePacket"/>
        <rdfs:range 
rdf:resource="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#UnsubscriptionPayload"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Links an UNSUBSCRIBE packet to
 its MQTT Payload.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">has UNSUBSCRIBE 
Payload</rdfs:label>
    </owl:ObjectProperty>

<owl:ObjectProperty 
rdf:about="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#hasUnsubscriptionVariableHeader">
        <rdfs:subPropertyOf 
rdf:resource="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#hasVariableHeader"/>
        <owl:inverseOf 
rdf:resource="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#isUnsubscriptionVariableHeaderOf"/>
        <rdf:type 
rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#FunctionalProperty"/>
        <rdfs:domain 
rdf:resource="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#UnsubscribePacket"/>
        <rdfs:range 
rdf:resource="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#UnsubscribeVariableHeader"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Links an UNSUBSCRIBE packet to
 its specific Variable Header.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">has UNSUBSCRIBE Variable 
Header</rdfs:label>
    </owl:ObjectProperty>

<owl:ObjectProperty 
rdf:about="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#hasVariableHeader">
        <owl:inverseOf 
rdf:resource="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#isVariableHeaderOf"/>
        <rdf:type 
rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#FunctionalProperty"/>
        <rdfs:domain 
rdf:resource="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#ControlPacket"/>
        <rdfs:range 
rdf:resource="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#VariableHeader"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Links an MQTT Control Packet 
to its Variable Header.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">has Variable 
Header</rdfs:label>
    </owl:ObjectProperty>

<owl:ObjectProperty 
rdf:about="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#hosts">
        <owl:inverseOf 
rdf:resource="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#isHostedBy"/>
        <rdfs:domain 
rdf:resource="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#Client"/>
        <rdfs:range 
rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/ns/sosa/System"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Links an MQTT Client (as a 
SOSA platform) to SOSA systems (sensors/actuators) it 
hosts.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">hosts</rdfs:label>
    </owl:ObjectProperty>

<owl:ObjectProperty 
rdf:about="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#isAcceptedBy">
        <rdfs:domain 
rdf:resource="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#NetworkConnection"/>
        <rdfs:range 
rdf:resource="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#Broker"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Indicates the MQTT Broker that
 accepted the client's connection request.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">is accepted 
by</rdfs:label>
    </owl:ObjectProperty>

<owl:ObjectProperty 
rdf:about="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#isActObsSubjectOf">
        <rdfs:subPropertyOf 
rdf:resource="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#isSubjectOf"/>
        <rdfs:domain>
            <owl:Class>
                <owl:unionOf rdf:parseType="Collection">
                    <rdf:Description 
rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/ns/sosa/Actuation"/>
                    <rdf:Description 
rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/ns/sosa/ActuationCollection"/>
                    <rdf:Description 
rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/ns/sosa/Observation"/>
                    <rdf:Description 
rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/ns/sosa/ObservationCollection"/>
                </owl:unionOf>
            </owl:Class>
        </rdfs:domain>
        <rdfs:range 
rdf:resource="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#Topic"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Links a topic subject 
(Actuation, Actuation collection, Observation or Observation Collection)
 to the MQTT Topic that carries it.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">is topic subject (Actuation, 
Actuation collection, Observation or Observation Collection) 
of</rdfs:label>
    </owl:ObjectProperty>

<owl:ObjectProperty 
rdf:about="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#isConnectedToBroker">
        <rdfs:domain 
rdf:resource="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#Client"/>
        <rdfs:range 
rdf:resource="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#Broker"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Links an MQTT Client to the 
MQTT Broker it is currently connected to.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">is connected to MQTT 
Broker</rdfs:label>
    </owl:ObjectProperty>

<owl:ObjectProperty 
rdf:about="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#isEncodedInPayload">
        <rdfs:domain 
rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#List"/>
        <rdfs:range 
rdf:resource="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#PublishPayload"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Links an RDF list of field 
names to the MQTT Payload that contains them.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">is encoded in MQTT 
Payload</rdfs:label>
    </owl:ObjectProperty>

<owl:ObjectProperty 
rdf:about="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#isFOISubjectOf">
        <rdfs:subPropertyOf 
rdf:resource="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#isSubjectOf"/>
        <rdfs:domain 
rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/ns/sosa/FeatureOfInterest"/>
        <rdfs:range 
rdf:resource="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#Topic"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Links a topic subject (Feature
 of Interest) to the MQTT Topic that carries it.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">is topic subject (Feature of 
Interest) of</rdfs:label>
    </owl:ObjectProperty>

<owl:ObjectProperty 
rdf:about="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#isFixedHeaderOf">
        <rdf:type 
rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#FunctionalProperty"/>
        <rdfs:domain 
rdf:resource="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#FixedHeader"/>
        <rdfs:range 
rdf:resource="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#ControlPacket"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Links a Fixed Header to the 
MQTT Control Packet containing it.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">is Fixed Header 
of</rdfs:label>
    </owl:ObjectProperty>

<owl:ObjectProperty 
rdf:about="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#isHostedBy">
        <rdfs:domain 
rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/ns/sosa/System"/>
        <rdfs:range 
rdf:resource="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#Client"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Links a SOSA system to the 
hosting MQTT Client.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">is hosted by</rdfs:label>
    </owl:ObjectProperty>

<owl:ObjectProperty 
rdf:about="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#isInitiatedBy">
        <rdfs:domain 
rdf:resource="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#NetworkConnection"/>
        <rdfs:range 
rdf:resource="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#Client"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Indicates the MQTT Client that
 initiated the connection to the MQTT Broker.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">is initiated 
by</rdfs:label>
    </owl:ObjectProperty>

<owl:ObjectProperty 
rdf:about="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#isMatchedByFilter">
        <owl:inverseOf 
rdf:resource="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#matchesTopic"/>
        <rdfs:domain 
rdf:resource="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#Topic"/>
        <rdfs:range 
rdf:resource="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#TopicFilter"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Indicates that an MQTT Topic 
is matched by a given MQTT Topic Filter.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">is matched by MQTT Topic 
Filter</rdfs:label>
    </owl:ObjectProperty>

<owl:ObjectProperty 
rdf:about="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#isPayloadOf">
        <rdf:type 
rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#FunctionalProperty"/>
        <rdfs:domain 
rdf:resource="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#Payload"/>
        <rdfs:range 
rdf:resource="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#ControlPacket"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Links an MQTT Payload to the 
MQTT Control Packet containing it.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">is MQTT Payload 
of</rdfs:label>
    </owl:ObjectProperty>

<owl:ObjectProperty 
rdf:about="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#isPropertySubjectOf">
        <rdfs:subPropertyOf 
rdf:resource="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#isSubjectOf"/>
        <rdfs:domain 
rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/ns/sosa/Property"/>
        <rdfs:range 
rdf:resource="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#Topic"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Links a topic subject 
(Property) to the MQTT Topic that carries it.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">is topic subject (Property) 
of</rdfs:label>
    </owl:ObjectProperty>

<owl:ObjectProperty 
rdf:about="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#isPublishFixedHeaderOf">
        <rdfs:subPropertyOf 
rdf:resource="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#isFixedHeaderOf"/>
        <rdf:type 
rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#FunctionalProperty"/>
        <rdfs:domain 
rdf:resource="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#PublishFixedHeader"/>
        <rdfs:range 
rdf:resource="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#PublishPacket"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Links a PUBLISH Fixed Header 
to its MQTT Control Packet.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">is PUBLISH Fixed Header 
of</rdfs:label>
    </owl:ObjectProperty>

<owl:ObjectProperty 
rdf:about="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#isPublishPayloadOf">
        <rdfs:subPropertyOf 
rdf:resource="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#isPayloadOf"/>
        <rdf:type 
rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#FunctionalProperty"/>
        <rdfs:domain 
rdf:resource="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#PublishPayload"/>
        <rdfs:range 
rdf:resource="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#PublishPacket"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Links a PUBLISH Payload to its
 MQTT Control Packet.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">is PUBLISH Payload 
of</rdfs:label>
    </owl:ObjectProperty>

<owl:ObjectProperty 
rdf:about="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#isPublishVariableHeaderOf">
        <rdfs:subPropertyOf 
rdf:resource="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#isVariableHeaderOf"/>
        <rdf:type 
rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#FunctionalProperty"/>
        <rdfs:domain 
rdf:resource="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#PublishVariableHeader"/>
        <rdfs:range 
rdf:resource="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#PublishPacket"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Links a PUBLISH Variable 
Header to its MQTT Control Packet.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">is PUBLISH Variable Header 
of</rdfs:label>
    </owl:ObjectProperty>

<owl:ObjectProperty 
rdf:about="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#isSentBy">
        <owl:inverseOf 
rdf:resource="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#sendsControlPacket"/>
        <rdfs:domain 
rdf:resource="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#ControlPacket"/>
        <rdfs:range 
rdf:resource="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#Client"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Relates an MQTT Control Packet
 to the MQTT Client that sent it.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">is sent by MQTT 
Client</rdfs:label>
    </owl:ObjectProperty>

<owl:ObjectProperty 
rdf:about="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#isSubjectOf">
        <rdfs:domain 
rdf:resource="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#TopicSubject"/>
        <rdfs:range 
rdf:resource="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#Topic"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Links a topic subject (e.g., 
Observation, Actuation) to the MQTT Topic that carries 
it.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">is topic subject 
of</rdfs:label>
    </owl:ObjectProperty>

<owl:ObjectProperty 
rdf:about="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#isSubscriptionFixedHeaderOf">
        <rdfs:subPropertyOf 
rdf:resource="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#isFixedHeaderOf"/>
        <rdf:type 
rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#FunctionalProperty"/>
        <rdfs:domain 
rdf:resource="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#SubscribeFixedHeader"/>
        <rdfs:range 
rdf:resource="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#SubscribePacket"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Links a SUBSCRIBE Fixed Header
 to its MQTT Control Packet.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">is SUBSCRIBE Fixed Header 
of</rdfs:label>
    </owl:ObjectProperty>

<owl:ObjectProperty 
rdf:about="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#isSubscriptionOf">
        <rdfs:domain 
rdf:resource="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#SubscriptionEntry"/>
        <rdfs:range 
rdf:resource="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#SubscriptionPayload"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Links an MQTT Subscription 
Entry to its SUBSCRIBE Payload.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">is MQTT Subscription Entry 
of</rdfs:label>
    </owl:ObjectProperty>

<owl:ObjectProperty 
rdf:about="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#isSubscriptionPayloadOf">
        <rdfs:subPropertyOf 
rdf:resource="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#isPayloadOf"/>
        <rdf:type 
rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#FunctionalProperty"/>
        <rdfs:domain 
rdf:resource="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#SubscriptionPayload"/>
        <rdfs:range 
rdf:resource="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#SubscribePacket"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Links a SUBSCRIBE Payload to 
its MQTT Control Packet.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">is SUBSCRIBE Payload 
of</rdfs:label>
    </owl:ObjectProperty>

<owl:ObjectProperty 
rdf:about="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#isSubscriptionVariableHeaderOf">
        <rdfs:subPropertyOf 
rdf:resource="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#isVariableHeaderOf"/>
        <rdf:type 
rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#FunctionalProperty"/>
        <rdfs:domain 
rdf:resource="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#SubscribeVariableHeader"/>
        <rdfs:range 
rdf:resource="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#SubscribePacket"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Links a SUBSCRIBE Variable 
Header to its MQTT Control Packet.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">is SUBSCRIBE Variable Header 
of</rdfs:label>
    </owl:ObjectProperty>

<owl:ObjectProperty 
rdf:about="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#isTopicFilterOf">
        <rdfs:domain 
rdf:resource="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#TopicFilter"/>
        <rdfs:range>
            <owl:Class>
                <owl:unionOf rdf:parseType="Collection">
                    <rdf:Description 
rdf:about="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#SubscriptionEntry"/>
                    <rdf:Description 
rdf:about="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#UnsubscriptionPayload"/>
                </owl:unionOf>
            </owl:Class>
        </rdfs:range>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Relates an MQTT Topic Filter 
to a Subscription Entry or an UNSUBSCRIBE payload.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">is MQTT Topic Filter 
of</rdfs:label>
    </owl:ObjectProperty>

<owl:ObjectProperty 
rdf:about="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#isTopicNameOf">
        <rdfs:domain 
rdf:resource="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#Topic"/>
        <rdfs:range 
rdf:resource="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#PublishVariableHeader"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Links an MQTT Topic to which 
the message is published to a PUBLISH Variable 
Header.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">is MQTT Topic (name) 
of</rdfs:label>
    </owl:ObjectProperty>

<owl:ObjectProperty 
rdf:about="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#isUnsubscriptionFixedHeaderOf">
        <rdfs:subPropertyOf 
rdf:resource="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#isFixedHeaderOf"/>
        <rdf:type 
rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#FunctionalProperty"/>
        <rdfs:domain 
rdf:resource="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#UnsubscribeFixedHeader"/>
        <rdfs:range 
rdf:resource="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#UnsubscribePacket"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Links an UNSUBSCRIBE Fixed 
Header to its MQTT Control Packet.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">is UNSUBSCRIBE Fixed Header 
of</rdfs:label>
    </owl:ObjectProperty>

<owl:ObjectProperty 
rdf:about="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#isUnsubscriptionPayloadOf">
        <rdfs:subPropertyOf 
rdf:resource="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#isPayloadOf"/>
        <rdf:type 
rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#FunctionalProperty"/>
        <rdfs:domain 
rdf:resource="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#UnsubscriptionPayload"/>
        <rdfs:range 
rdf:resource="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#UnsubscribePacket"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Links an UNSUBSCRIBE Payload 
to its MQTT Control Packet.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">is UNSUBSCRIBE Payload 
of</rdfs:label>
    </owl:ObjectProperty>

<owl:ObjectProperty 
rdf:about="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#isUnsubscriptionVariableHeaderOf">
        <rdfs:subPropertyOf 
rdf:resource="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#isVariableHeaderOf"/>
        <rdf:type 
rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#FunctionalProperty"/>
        <rdfs:domain 
rdf:resource="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#UnsubscribeVariableHeader"/>
        <rdfs:range 
rdf:resource="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#UnsubscribePacket"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Links an UNSUBSCRIBE Variable 
Header to its MQTT Control Packet.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">is UNSUBSCRIBE Variable Header 
of</rdfs:label>
    </owl:ObjectProperty>

<owl:ObjectProperty 
rdf:about="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#isVariableHeaderOf">
        <rdf:type 
rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#FunctionalProperty"/>
        <rdfs:domain 
rdf:resource="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#VariableHeader"/>
        <rdfs:range 
rdf:resource="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#ControlPacket"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Links a Variable Header to the
 MQTT Control Packet containing it.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">is Variable Header 
of</rdfs:label>
    </owl:ObjectProperty>

<owl:ObjectProperty 
rdf:about="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#listensToTopic">
        <rdfs:domain 
rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/ns/sosa/Actuator"/>
        <rdfs:range 
rdf:resource="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#Topic"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Links an actuator to the MQTT 
Topic from which it receives actuation commands.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">listens to MQTT 
Topic</rdfs:label>
    </owl:ObjectProperty>

<owl:ObjectProperty 
rdf:about="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#matchesTopic">
        <rdfs:domain 
rdf:resource="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#TopicFilter"/>
        <rdfs:range 
rdf:resource="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#Topic"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Indicates that an MQTT Topic 
Filter matches a particular MQTT Topic.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">matches MQTT 
Topic</rdfs:label>
    </owl:ObjectProperty>

<owl:ObjectProperty 
rdf:about="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#observesTopic">
        <rdfs:domain 
rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/ns/sosa/Sensor"/>
        <rdfs:range 
rdf:resource="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#Topic"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Links a sensor to the MQTT 
Topic to which it publishes observations.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">observes MQTT 
Topic</rdfs:label>
    </owl:ObjectProperty>

<owl:ObjectProperty 
rdf:about="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#payloadEncodesActuation">
        <rdfs:domain 
rdf:resource="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#PublishPayload"/>
        <rdfs:range 
rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/ns/sosa/Actuation"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Indicates that the MQTT 
Payload encodes a single SOSA Actuation command.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">payload encodes SOSA 
Actuation</rdfs:label>
    </owl:ObjectProperty>

<owl:ObjectProperty 
rdf:about="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#payloadEncodesActuationCollection">
        <rdfs:domain 
rdf:resource="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#PublishPayload"/>
        <rdfs:range 
rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/ns/sosa/ActuationCollection"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Indicates that the MQTT 
Payload encodes a collection of actuation commands.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">payload encodes SOSA Actuation 
Collection</rdfs:label>
    </owl:ObjectProperty>

<owl:ObjectProperty 
rdf:about="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#payloadEncodesObservation">
        <rdfs:domain 
rdf:resource="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#PublishPayload"/>
        <rdfs:range 
rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/ns/sosa/Observation"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Indicates that the MQTT 
Payload encodes a SOSA Observation.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">payload encodes SOSA 
Observation</rdfs:label>
    </owl:ObjectProperty>

<owl:ObjectProperty 
rdf:about="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#payloadEncodesObservationCollection">
        <rdfs:domain 
rdf:resource="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#PublishPayload"/>
        <rdfs:range 
rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/ns/sosa/ObservationCollection"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Indicates that the MQTT 
Payload encodes a collection of SOSA Observations.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">payload encodes SOSA Observation
 Collection</rdfs:label>
    </owl:ObjectProperty>

<owl:ObjectProperty 
rdf:about="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#publishesPacket">
        <rdfs:subPropertyOf 
rdf:resource="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#sendsControlPacket"/>
        <rdfs:domain 
rdf:resource="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#Client"/>
        <rdfs:range 
rdf:resource="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#PublishPacket"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Specializes 
mqtt:sendsControlPacket for PUBLISH packets.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">publishes PUBLISH 
Packet</rdfs:label>
    </owl:ObjectProperty>

<owl:ObjectProperty 
rdf:about="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#receivesSubscribePacket">
        <rdfs:domain 
rdf:resource="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#Broker"/>
        <rdfs:range 
rdf:resource="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#SubscribePacket"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Indicates that an MQTT Broker 
receives a SUBSCRIBE packet from an MQTT Client.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">receives SUBSCRIBE 
Packet</rdfs:label>
    </owl:ObjectProperty>

<owl:ObjectProperty 
rdf:about="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#receivesUnsubscribePacket">
        <rdfs:domain 
rdf:resource="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#Broker"/>
        <rdfs:range 
rdf:resource="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#UnsubscribePacket"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Indicates that an MQTT Broker 
receives an UNSUBSCRIBE packet from an MQTT Client.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">receives UNSUBSCRIBE 
Packet</rdfs:label>
    </owl:ObjectProperty>

<owl:ObjectProperty 
rdf:about="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#runsOnPlatform">
        <rdfs:domain 
rdf:resource="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#Client"/>
        <rdfs:range 
rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/ns/sosa/Platform"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Links an MQTT Client to the 
platform on which it operates.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">runs on 
platform</rdfs:label>
    </owl:ObjectProperty>

<owl:ObjectProperty 
rdf:about="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#sendsControlPacket">
        <owl:equivalentProperty 
rdf:resource="https://www.w3.org/2019/wot/mqtt#sendsControlPacket"/>
        <rdfs:domain 
rdf:resource="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#Client"/>
        <rdfs:range 
rdf:resource="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#ControlPacket"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Relates an MQTT Client to an 
MQTT Control Packet it sends.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">sends MQTT Control 
Packet</rdfs:label>
    </owl:ObjectProperty>

<owl:ObjectProperty 
rdf:about="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#subscribesPacket">
        <rdfs:subPropertyOf 
rdf:resource="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#sendsControlPacket"/>
        <rdfs:domain 
rdf:resource="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#Client"/>
        <rdfs:range 
rdf:resource="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#SubscribePacket"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Specializes 
mqtt:sendsControlPacket for SUBSCRIBE packets.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">sends SUBSCRIBE 
Packet</rdfs:label>
    </owl:ObjectProperty>

<owl:ObjectProperty 
rdf:about="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#unsubscribesPacket">
        <rdfs:subPropertyOf 
rdf:resource="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#sendsControlPacket"/>
        <rdfs:domain 
rdf:resource="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#Client"/>
        <rdfs:range 
rdf:resource="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#UnsubscribePacket"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Specializes 
mqtt:sendsControlPacket for UNSUBSCRIBE packets.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">sends UNSUBSCRIBE 
Packet</rdfs:label>
    </owl:ObjectProperty>

<owl:ObjectProperty 
rdf:about="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#usesConnection">
        <rdfs:domain 
rdf:resource="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#NetworkParticipant"/>
        <rdfs:range 
rdf:resource="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#NetworkConnection"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Relates a network participant 
(MQTT Client or MQTT Broker) to a network connection it 
uses.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">uses 
connection</rdfs:label>
    </owl:ObjectProperty>

<!-- 
    
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

//
    // Data properties
    //
    
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

-->

<owl:DatatypeProperty 
rdf:about="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#hasClientID">
        <rdf:type 
rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#FunctionalProperty"/>
        <rdfs:domain 
rdf:resource="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#Client"/>
        <rdfs:range 
rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">The MQTT Client identifier 
used when connecting to an MQTT Broker.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">MQTT Client 
identifier</rdfs:label>
    </owl:DatatypeProperty>

<owl:DatatypeProperty 
rdf:about="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#hasFilterPattern">
        <rdfs:domain 
rdf:resource="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#TopicFilter"/>
        <rdfs:range 
rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">The MQTT Topic Filter pattern 
as a string (e.g., 'sensor/+/temp' or 
'fabrik/zentrierung/#').</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">MQTT Topic Filter 
pattern</rdfs:label>
    </owl:DatatypeProperty>

<owl:DatatypeProperty 
rdf:about="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#hasHostAddress">
        <rdf:type 
rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#FunctionalProperty"/>
        <rdfs:domain 
rdf:resource="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#Broker"/>
        <rdfs:range 
rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">The hostname or IP address of 
an MQTT Broker.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">MQTT Broker 
host</rdfs:label>
    </owl:DatatypeProperty>

<owl:DatatypeProperty 
rdf:about="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#hasPacketIdentifier">
        <rdf:type 
rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#FunctionalProperty"/>
        <rdfs:domain 
rdf:resource="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#VariableHeader"/>
        <rdfs:range 
rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#unsignedShort"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">A 16-bit identifier used to 
correlate MQTT messages when QoS > 0.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">packet 
identifier</rdfs:label>
    </owl:DatatypeProperty>

<owl:DatatypeProperty 
rdf:about="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#hasPayloadContent">
        <rdf:type 
rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#FunctionalProperty"/>
        <rdfs:domain 
rdf:resource="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#PublishPayload"/>
        <rdfs:range 
rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">The application message body 
as a string (possibly serialized/encoded).</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">payload 
content</rdfs:label>
    </owl:DatatypeProperty>

<owl:DatatypeProperty 
rdf:about="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#hasPayloadContentDelimiter">
        <rdf:type 
rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#FunctionalProperty"/>
        <rdfs:domain 
rdf:resource="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#PublishPayload"/>
        <rdfs:range 
rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">The delimiter used to separate
 fields in the payload content.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">payload content 
delimiter</rdfs:label>
    </owl:DatatypeProperty>

<owl:DatatypeProperty 
rdf:about="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#hasPayloadContentType">
        <rdf:type 
rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#FunctionalProperty"/>
        <rdfs:domain 
rdf:resource="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#PublishPayload"/>
        <rdfs:range 
rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">The MIME type of the payload 
content (e.g., 'application/json').</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">payload content 
type</rdfs:label>
    </owl:DatatypeProperty>

<owl:DatatypeProperty 
rdf:about="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#hasPayloadEncoding">
        <rdf:type 
rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#FunctionalProperty"/>
        <rdfs:domain 
rdf:resource="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#PublishPayload"/>
        <rdfs:range 
rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">The character encoding or 
serialization used for the payload (e.g., 'UTF-8', 
'Base64').</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">payload 
encoding</rdfs:label>
    </owl:DatatypeProperty>

<owl:DatatypeProperty 
rdf:about="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#hasPortNumber">
        <rdf:type 
rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#FunctionalProperty"/>
        <rdfs:domain 
rdf:resource="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#Broker"/>
        <rdfs:range 
rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">The TCP port on which an MQTT 
Broker listens.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">MQTT Broker 
port</rdfs:label>
    </owl:DatatypeProperty>

<owl:DatatypeProperty 
rdf:about="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#hasQosLevel">
        <rdf:type 
rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#FunctionalProperty"/>
        <rdfs:domain>
            <owl:Class>
                <owl:unionOf rdf:parseType="Collection">
                    <rdf:Description 
rdf:about="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#PublishFixedHeader"/>
                    <rdf:Description 
rdf:about="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#SubscriptionEntry"/>
                </owl:unionOf>
            </owl:Class>
        </rdfs:domain>
        <rdfs:range>
            <rdfs:Datatype>
                <owl:onDatatype 
rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer"/>
                <owl:withRestrictions rdf:parseType="Collection">
                    <rdf:Description>
                        <xsd:minInclusive 
rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer">0</
xsd:minInclusive>
                    </rdf:Description>
                    <rdf:Description>
                        <xsd:maxInclusive 
rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer">2</
xsd:maxInclusive>
                    </rdf:Description>
                </owl:withRestrictions>
            </rdfs:Datatype>
        </rdfs:range>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Not mapped to mqv:hasQoSFlag 
because MQV models QoS as an object property, while mqtt:hasQosLevel is a
 datatype property.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">The MQTT Quality of Service 
level (0 = at most once, 1 = at least once, 2 = exactly 
once).</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">QoS level</rdfs:label>
    </owl:DatatypeProperty>

<owl:DatatypeProperty 
rdf:about="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#isDUPFlag">
        <owl:equivalentProperty 
rdf:resource="https://www.w3.org/2019/wot/mqtt#hasDUPFlag"/>
        <rdfs:domain 
rdf:resource="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#PublishFixedHeader"/>
        <rdfs:range 
rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#boolean"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">True if this is a duplicate 
delivery of an earlier PUBLISH message.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">DUP flag</rdfs:label>
    </owl:DatatypeProperty>

<owl:DatatypeProperty 
rdf:about="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#isRetainedFlag">
        <owl:equivalentProperty 
rdf:resource="https://www.w3.org/2019/wot/mqtt#hasRetainFlag"/>
        <rdfs:domain 
rdf:resource="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#PublishFixedHeader"/>
        <rdfs:range 
rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#boolean"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">True if the message should be 
retained on the MQTT Broker.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">RETAIN flag</rdfs:label>
    </owl:DatatypeProperty>

<owl:DatatypeProperty 
rdf:about="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#usesTLS">
        <rdf:type 
rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#FunctionalProperty"/>
        <rdfs:domain 
rdf:resource="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#NetworkConnection"/>
        <rdfs:range 
rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#boolean"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">True if the Network Connection
 is protected via TLS, otherwise false.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">uses TLS</rdfs:label>
    </owl:DatatypeProperty>

<!-- 
    
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

//
    // Classes
    //
    
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

-->

<owl:Class 
rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#List"/>

<rdf:Description 
rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/ns/sosa/Actuation">
        <rdfs:subClassOf 
rdf:resource="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#TopicSubject"/>
    </rdf:Description>

<owl:Class 
rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/ns/sosa/ActuationCollection">
        <rdfs:subClassOf 
rdf:resource="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#TopicSubject"/>
    </owl:Class>

<rdf:Description 
rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/ns/sosa/FeatureOfInterest">
        <rdfs:subClassOf 
rdf:resource="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#TopicSubject"/>
    </rdf:Description>

<rdf:Description 
rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/ns/sosa/Observation">
        <rdfs:subClassOf 
rdf:resource="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#TopicSubject"/>
    </rdf:Description>

<owl:Class 
rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/ns/sosa/ObservationCollection">
        <rdfs:subClassOf 
rdf:resource="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#TopicSubject"/>
    </owl:Class>

<owl:Class rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/ns/sosa/Property">
        <rdfs:subClassOf 
rdf:resource="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#TopicSubject"/>
    </owl:Class>

<owl:Class rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/ns/sosa/System"/>

<owl:Class 
rdf:about="http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Organization"/>

<owl:Class rdf:about="http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Person"/>

<owl:Class 
rdf:about="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#Broker">
        <owl:equivalentClass 
rdf:resource="https://www.w3.org/2019/wot/mqtt#Server"/>
        <rdfs:subClassOf 
rdf:resource="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#NetworkParticipant"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">An MQTT Broker that accepts 
client connections, manages subscriptions, and forwards published 
messages.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">MQTT Broker</rdfs:label>
    </owl:Class>

<owl:Class 
rdf:about="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#Client">
        <owl:equivalentClass 
rdf:resource="https://www.w3.org/2019/wot/mqtt#Client"/>
        <rdfs:subClassOf 
rdf:resource="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#NetworkParticipant"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">An MQTT Client that connects 
to an MQTT Broker and publishes or subscribes to MQTT Topics; may host 
SOSA systems.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">MQTT Client</rdfs:label>
    </owl:Class>

<owl:Class 
rdf:about="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#ControlPacket">
        <owl:equivalentClass 
rdf:resource="https://www.w3.org/2019/wot/mqtt#ControlPacket"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">An MQTT Control Packet such as
 PUBLISH, SUBSCRIBE, or UNSUBSCRIBE.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">MQTT Control 
Packet</rdfs:label>
    </owl:Class>

<owl:Class 
rdf:about="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#FixedHeader">
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">The header present in all MQTT
 Control Packets, containing the packet type and 
flags.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">MQTT Fixed 
Header</rdfs:label>
    </owl:Class>

<owl:Class 
rdf:about="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#NetworkConnection">
        <owl:equivalentClass 
rdf:resource="https://www.w3.org/2019/wot/mqtt#NetworkConnection"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">A transport-layer connection 
between an MQTT Client and an MQTT Broker (optionally secured with 
TLS).</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">MQTT Network 
Connection</rdfs:label>
    </owl:Class>

<owl:Class 
rdf:about="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#NetworkParticipant">
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">An entity participating in an 
MQTT network, such as an MQTT Client or an MQTT 
Broker.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">MQTT Network 
Participant</rdfs:label>
    </owl:Class>

<owl:Class 
rdf:about="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#Payload">
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">The application data carried 
by an MQTT Control Packet.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">MQTT Payload</rdfs:label>
    </owl:Class>

<owl:Class 
rdf:about="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#PublishFixedHeader">
        <rdfs:subClassOf 
rdf:resource="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#FixedHeader"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">The Fixed Header used in 
PUBLISH packets.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">MQTT PUBLISH Fixed 
Header</rdfs:label>
    </owl:Class>

<owl:Class 
rdf:about="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#PublishPacket">
        <owl:equivalentClass 
rdf:resource="https://www.w3.org/2019/wot/mqtt#PUBLISH"/>
        <rdfs:subClassOf 
rdf:resource="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#ControlPacket"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">An MQTT Control Packet used by
 an MQTT Client to publish an application message to an MQTT 
Topic.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">MQTT PUBLISH 
Packet</rdfs:label>
    </owl:Class>

<owl:Class 
rdf:about="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#PublishPayload">
        <rdfs:subClassOf 
rdf:resource="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#Payload"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">The payload of a PUBLISH 
packet (application message body).</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">MQTT PUBLISH 
Payload</rdfs:label>
    </owl:Class>

<owl:Class 
rdf:about="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#PublishVariableHeader">
        <rdfs:subClassOf 
rdf:resource="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#VariableHeader"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">The Variable Header of a 
PUBLISH packet; includes the MQTT Topic and optionally a packet 
identifier.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">MQTT PUBLISH Variable 
Header</rdfs:label>
    </owl:Class>

<owl:Class 
rdf:about="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#SubscribeFixedHeader">
        <rdfs:subClassOf 
rdf:resource="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#FixedHeader"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">The Fixed Header used in 
SUBSCRIBE packets.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">MQTT SUBSCRIBE Fixed 
Header</rdfs:label>
    </owl:Class>

<owl:Class 
rdf:about="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#SubscribePacket">
        <owl:equivalentClass 
rdf:resource="https://www.w3.org/2019/wot/mqtt#SUBSCRIBE"/>
        <rdfs:subClassOf 
rdf:resource="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#ControlPacket"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">An MQTT Control Packet used by
 an MQTT Client to subscribe to one or more MQTT Topic 
Filters.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">MQTT SUBSCRIBE 
Packet</rdfs:label>
    </owl:Class>

<owl:Class 
rdf:about="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#SubscribeVariableHeader">
        <rdfs:subClassOf 
rdf:resource="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#VariableHeader"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">The Variable Header of a 
SUBSCRIBE packet; typically includes the packet 
identifier.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">MQTT SUBSCRIBE Variable 
Header</rdfs:label>
    </owl:Class>

<owl:Class 
rdf:about="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#SubscriptionEntry">
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">A single requested 
subscription consisting of an MQTT Topic Filter and an associated QoS 
level.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">MQTT Subscription 
Entry</rdfs:label>
    </owl:Class>

<owl:Class 
rdf:about="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#SubscriptionPayload">
        <rdfs:subClassOf 
rdf:resource="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#Payload"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">The payload of a SUBSCRIBE 
packet, listing MQTT Subscription Entries.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">MQTT SUBSCRIBE 
Payload</rdfs:label>
    </owl:Class>

<owl:Class 
rdf:about="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#Topic">
        <owl:equivalentClass 
rdf:resource="https://www.w3.org/2019/wot/mqtt#TopicName"/>
        <rdfs:subClassOf>
            <owl:Restriction>
                <owl:onProperty 
rdf:resource="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#hasActObsSubject"/>
                <owl:maxQualifiedCardinality 
rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/
XMLSchema#nonNegativeInteger">1</owl:maxQualifiedCardinality>
                <owl:onClass>
                    <owl:Class>
                        <owl:unionOf rdf:parseType="Collection">
                            <rdf:Description 
rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/ns/sosa/Actuation"/>
                            <rdf:Description 
rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/ns/sosa/ActuationCollection"/>
                            <rdf:Description 
rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/ns/sosa/Observation"/>
                            <rdf:Description 
rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/ns/sosa/ObservationCollection"/>
                        </owl:unionOf>
                    </owl:Class>
                </owl:onClass>
            </owl:Restriction>
        </rdfs:subClassOf>
        <rdfs:subClassOf>
            <owl:Restriction>
                <owl:onProperty 
rdf:resource="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#hasFoISubject"/>
                <owl:maxCardinality 
rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/
XMLSchema#nonNegativeInteger">1</owl:maxCardinality>
            </owl:Restriction>
        </rdfs:subClassOf>
        <rdfs:subClassOf>
            <owl:Restriction>
                <owl:onProperty 
rdf:resource="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#hasPropertySubject"/>
                <owl:maxCardinality 
rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/
XMLSchema#nonNegativeInteger">1</owl:maxCardinality>
            </owl:Restriction>
        </rdfs:subClassOf>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">A hierarchical MQTT Topic to 
which MQTT Clients publish and/or subscribe.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">MQTT Topic</rdfs:label>
    </owl:Class>

<owl:Class 
rdf:about="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#TopicFilter">
        <owl:equivalentClass 
rdf:resource="https://www.w3.org/2019/wot/mqtt#TopicFilter"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">A filter expression (e.g., 
with wildcards) used in SUBSCRIBE/UNSUBSCRIBE to match MQTT 
Topics.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">MQTT Topic 
Filter</rdfs:label>
    </owl:Class>

<owl:Class 
rdf:about="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#TopicSubject">
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">A conceptual subject carried 
on an MQTT Topic, e.g., an Observation, Actuation, Property, or Feature 
of Interest.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">MQTT Topic 
Subject</rdfs:label>
    </owl:Class>

<owl:Class 
rdf:about="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#UnsubscribeFixedHeader">
        <rdfs:subClassOf 
rdf:resource="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#FixedHeader"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">The Fixed Header used in 
UNSUBSCRIBE packets.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">MQTT UNSUBSCRIBE Fixed 
Header</rdfs:label>
    </owl:Class>

<owl:Class 
rdf:about="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#UnsubscribePacket">
        <owl:equivalentClass 
rdf:resource="https://www.w3.org/2019/wot/mqtt#UNSUBSCRIBE"/>
        <rdfs:subClassOf 
rdf:resource="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#ControlPacket"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">An MQTT Control Packet used by
 an MQTT Client to remove one or more 
subscriptions.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">MQTT UNSUBSCRIBE 
Packet</rdfs:label>
    </owl:Class>

<owl:Class 
rdf:about="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#UnsubscribeVariableHeader">
        <rdfs:subClassOf 
rdf:resource="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#VariableHeader"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">The Variable Header of an 
UNSUBSCRIBE packet; typically includes the packet 
identifier.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">MQTT UNSUBSCRIBE Variable 
Header</rdfs:label>
    </owl:Class>

<owl:Class 
rdf:about="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#UnsubscriptionPayload">
        <rdfs:subClassOf 
rdf:resource="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#Payload"/>
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">The payload of an UNSUBSCRIBE 
packet, listing MQTT Topic Filters to be removed.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">MQTT UNSUBSCRIBE 
Payload</rdfs:label>
    </owl:Class>

<owl:Class 
rdf:about="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#VariableHeader">
        <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">The optional header carrying 
packet-specific metadata (e.g., packet identifier, MQTT Topic 
name).</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">MQTT Variable 
Header</rdfs:label>
    </owl:Class>

<!-- 
    
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

//
    // Individuals
    //
    
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

-->

<owl:NamedIndividual 
rdf:about="http://example.org/individuals#DTEC">
        <rdf:type 
rdf:resource="http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Organization"/>
        <rdfs:comment>This research as part of the project EKI is 
funded by dtec.bw â Digitalization and Technology Research Center of 
the Bundeswehr which we gratefully acknowledge. dtec.bw is funded by the
 European Union â NextGenerationEU.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:label>Digitalization and Technology Research Center 
of the Bundeswehr</rdfs:label>
        <foaf:homepage rdf:resource="https://dtecbw.de/home"/>
    </owl:NamedIndividual>

<owl:NamedIndividual rdf:about="https://dtecbw.de/">
        <rdf:type 
rdf:resource="http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Organization"/>
        <rdfs:comment>This research as part of the project 
SmartShip is funded by dtec.bw â Digitalization and Technology 
Research Center of the Bundeswehr which we gratefully acknowledge. 
dtec.bw is funded by the European Union â 
NextGenerationEU.</rdfs:comment>
        <rdfs:label>Digitalization and Technology Research Center 
of the Bundeswehr</rdfs:label>
        <foaf:homepage rdf:resource="https://dtecbw.de"/>
        <foaf:name>dtec.bw</foaf:name>
    </owl:NamedIndividual>

<owl:NamedIndividual 
rdf:about="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3458-4748">
        <rdf:type 
rdf:resource="http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Person"/>
        <foaf:homepage 
rdf:resource="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3458-4748"/>
        <foaf:mbox rdf:resource="mailto:maleshkm@hsu-hh.de"/>
        <foaf:name>Maria Maleshkova</foaf:name>
    </owl:NamedIndividual>

<owl:NamedIndividual 
rdf:about="https://orcid.org/0009-0004-0088-8633">
        <rdf:type 
rdf:resource="http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Person"/>
        <foaf:homepage 
rdf:resource="https://orcid.org/0009-0004-0088-8633"/>
        <foaf:mbox rdf:resource="mailto:doernern@hsu-hh.de"/>
        <foaf:name>Niklas Doerner</foaf:name>
    </owl:NamedIndividual>

<!-- 
    
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

//
    // General axioms
    //
    
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

-->

<rdf:Description>
        <rdf:type 
rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#AllDisjointClasses"/>
        <owl:members rdf:parseType="Collection">
            <rdf:Description 
rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/ns/sosa/Actuation"/>
            <rdf:Description 
rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/ns/sosa/ActuationCollection"/>
            <rdf:Description 
rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/ns/sosa/FeatureOfInterest"/>
            <rdf:Description 
rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/ns/sosa/Observation"/>
            <rdf:Description 
rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/ns/sosa/ObservationCollection"/>
            <rdf:Description 
rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/ns/sosa/Property"/>
        </owl:members>
    </rdf:Description>
    <rdf:Description>
        <rdf:type 
rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#AllDisjointClasses"/>
        <owl:members rdf:parseType="Collection">
            <rdf:Description 
rdf:about="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#ControlPacket"/>
            <rdf:Description 
rdf:about="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#FixedHeader"/>
            <rdf:Description 
rdf:about="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#NetworkConnection"/>
            <rdf:Description 
rdf:about="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#NetworkParticipant"/>
            <rdf:Description 
rdf:about="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#Payload"/>
            <rdf:Description 
rdf:about="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#SubscriptionEntry"/>
            <rdf:Description 
rdf:about="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#Topic"/>
            <rdf:Description 
rdf:about="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#TopicFilter"/>
            <rdf:Description 
rdf:about="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#TopicSubject"/>
            <rdf:Description 
rdf:about="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#VariableHeader"/>
        </owl:members>
    </rdf:Description>
    <rdf:Description>
        <rdf:type 
rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#AllDisjointClasses"/>
        <owl:members rdf:parseType="Collection">
            <rdf:Description 
rdf:about="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#PublishFixedHeader"/>
            <rdf:Description 
rdf:about="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#SubscribeFixedHeader"/>
            <rdf:Description 
rdf:about="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#UnsubscribeFixedHeader"/>
        </owl:members>
    </rdf:Description>
    <rdf:Description>
        <rdf:type 
rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#AllDisjointClasses"/>
        <owl:members rdf:parseType="Collection">
            <rdf:Description 
rdf:about="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#PublishPacket"/>
            <rdf:Description 
rdf:about="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#SubscribePacket"/>
            <rdf:Description 
rdf:about="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#UnsubscribePacket"/>
        </owl:members>
    </rdf:Description>
    <rdf:Description>
        <rdf:type 
rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#AllDisjointClasses"/>
        <owl:members rdf:parseType="Collection">
            <rdf:Description 
rdf:about="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#PublishPayload"/>
            <rdf:Description 
rdf:about="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#SubscriptionPayload"/>
            <rdf:Description 
rdf:about="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#UnsubscriptionPayload"/>
        </owl:members>
    </rdf:Description>
    <rdf:Description>
        <rdf:type 
rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#AllDisjointClasses"/>
        <owl:members rdf:parseType="Collection">
            <rdf:Description 
rdf:about="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#PublishVariableHeader"/>
            <rdf:Description 
rdf:about="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#SubscribeVariableHeader"/>
            <rdf:Description 
rdf:about="https://doernern.github.io/MQTT4SSNOntology/
MQTT4SSN.owl#UnsubscribeVariableHeader"/>
        </owl:members>
    </rdf:Description>
</rdf:RDF>

Uncheck this checkbox if you don't want us to keep a copy of your ontology.

Evaluation results

Pitfalls detected:

Results for P04: Creating unconnected ontology elements. Minor 2 cases

Results for P08: Missing annotations. Minor 15 cases

Results for P13: Inverse relationships not explicitly declared. Minor 15 cases

Suggestions or warnings:

References

[1] Aguado-De Cea, G., Montiel-Ponsoda, E., Poveda-Villalón, M., and Giraldo-Pasmin, O.X. (2015).

[2] Noy, N. F., McGuinness, D. L., et al. (2001).

[3] Gómez-Pérez, A. (1999).

[4] Montiel-Ponsoda, E., Vila Suero, D., Villazón-Terrazas, B., Dunsire, G., Escolano Rodríguez, E., Gómez-Pérez, A. (2011).

[5] Vrandecic, D. (2010).

[6] Gómez-Pérez, A. (2004).

[7] Rector, A., Drummond, N., Horridge, M., Rogers, J., Knublauch, H., Stevens, R., Wang, H., and Wroe, C. (2004).

[8] Hogan, A., Harth, A., Passant, A., Decker, S., and Polleres, A. (2010).

[9] Archer, P., Goedertier, S., and Loutas, N. (2012).

[10] Bernes-Lee Tim. (2006).

[11] Heath, T. and Bizer, C. (2011).

[12] Vatant, B. (2012).

How to cite OOPS!